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Lithium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Lithium is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the highest specific heat of any material and the highest electrochemical potential. This makes it important in applications involving heat transfer and as the anode in batteries. Lithium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Lithium is a dopant in advanced optical glass. It is used as an alloy in light weight metals. Lithium stearate is a common high temperature lubricant. Lithium facts, includig appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Lithium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Lithium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 2 element. The electronic configuration is [He] 2s1. In its elemental form lithium's CAS number is 7439-93-2. The lithium atom has a radius of 152.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 182.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Lithium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Lithium was first discovered by Johann Arvedson in 1817.
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of lithium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
Lithium
Lithium
Litio 
Lítio 
Litio 
LithiumIsotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
Li-6 |
6.0151223 |
7.5 |
Li-7 |
7.0160040 |
92.5 |
Safety Data. The safety data for lithium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionisation énergie. The ionization energy for lithium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1 er Energy Ionisation |
520.23 kJ mole-1 |
2 ème Ionisation énergie |
7298.22 kJ mole-1 |
3 ème Ionisation énergie |
11815.13 kJ mole-1 |
Conductivity. As to lithium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 8.55 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.98. The thermal conductivity of lithium is 84.7 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for lithium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Chaleur de Fusion |
4.6 kJ mole-1 |
Chaleur de vaporisation |
147.7 kJ mole-1 |
Chaleur d'atomisation |
157.8 kJ mole-1 |
| Formule | Numéro atomique | Poids moléculaire | Électronégativité (Pauling) | Densité | Point de fusion | Point d'ébullition |
Vanderwaals rayon |
Rayon ionique | Energie de première ionisation |
| Li | 3 | 6.941 g.mole-1 | 1.0 | 0.53 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 180.5 °C | 1342 °C | 182.pm | 0.06 nm | 520.23 kJ.mole-1 |
| CATALOGUE PRODUIT | Français opérations | Submicroniques et nanopoudres | Tolling | Ultra haute pureté | Sputtering Public | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, poudre, etc. | Fleuret |
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